.\" Copyright (C) 2016 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\" and Copyright (C) 2016 Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
.\" A very few fragments remain from an earlier version of this page
.\" written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com)
.\"
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
.\"
.TH keyctl 2 2023-02-05 "Linux man-pages 6.03"
.SH NAME
keyctl \- manipulate the kernel's key management facility
.SH LIBRARY
Standard C library
.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
.PP
Alternatively, Linux Key Management Utilities
.RI ( libkeyutils ", " \-lkeyutils );
see NOTES.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.BR "#include <linux/keyctl.h>" "     /* Definition of " KEY* " constants */"
.BR "#include <sys/syscall.h>" "      /* Definition of " SYS_* " constants */"
.B #include <unistd.h>
.PP
.BI "long syscall(SYS_keyctl, int " operation ", unsigned long " arg2 ,
.BI "             unsigned long " arg3 ", unsigned long " arg4 ,
.BI "             unsigned long " arg5 );
.fi
.PP
.IR Note :
glibc provides no wrapper for
.BR keyctl (),
necessitating the use of
.BR syscall (2).
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR keyctl ()
allows user-space programs to perform key manipulation.
.PP
The operation performed by
.BR keyctl ()
is determined by the value of the
.I operation
argument.
Each of these operations is wrapped by the
.I libkeyutils
library (provided by the
.I keyutils
package) into individual functions (noted below)
to permit the compiler to check types.
.PP
The permitted values for
.I operation
are:
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Map a special key ID to a real key ID for this process.
.IP
This operation looks up the special key whose ID is provided in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
If the special key is found,
the ID of the corresponding real key is returned as the function result.
The following values may be specified in
.IR arg2 :
.RS
.TP
.B KEY_SPEC_THREAD_KEYRING
This specifies the calling thread's thread-specific keyring.
See
.BR thread\-keyring (7).
.TP
.B KEY_SPEC_PROCESS_KEYRING
This specifies the caller's process-specific keyring.
See
.BR process\-keyring (7).
.TP
.B KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING
This specifies the caller's session-specific keyring.
See
.BR session\-keyring (7).
.TP
.B KEY_SPEC_USER_KEYRING
This specifies the caller's UID-specific keyring.
See
.BR user\-keyring (7).
.TP
.B KEY_SPEC_USER_SESSION_KEYRING
This specifies the caller's UID-session keyring.
See
.BR user\-session\-keyring (7).
.TP
.BR KEY_SPEC_REQKEY_AUTH_KEY " (since Linux 2.6.16)"
.\"            commit b5f545c880a2a47947ba2118b2509644ab7a2969
This specifies the authorization key created by
.BR request_key (2)
and passed to the process it spawns to generate a key.
This key is available only in a
.BR request\-key (8)-style
program that was passed an authorization key by the kernel and
ceases to be available once the requested key has been instantiated; see
.BR request_key (2).
.TP
.BR KEY_SPEC_REQUESTOR_KEYRING " (since Linux 2.6.29)"
.\"            commit 8bbf4976b59fc9fc2861e79cab7beb3f6d647640
This specifies the key ID for the
.BR request_key (2)
destination keyring.
This keyring is available only in a
.BR request\-key (8)-style
program that was passed an authorization key by the kernel and
ceases to be available once the requested key has been instantiated; see
.BR request_key (2).
.RE
.IP
The behavior if the key specified in
.I arg2
does not exist depends on the value of
.I arg3
(cast to
.IR int ).
If
.I arg3
contains a nonzero value, then\[em]if it is appropriate to do so
(e.g., when looking up the user, user-session, or session key)\[em]a new key
is created and its real key ID returned as the function result.
.\" The keyctl_get_keyring_ID.3 page says that a new key
.\" "will be created *if it is appropriate to do so**. What is the
.\" determiner for appropriate?
.\" David Howells: Some special keys such as KEY_SPEC_REQKEY_AUTH_KEY
.\" wouldn't get created but user/user-session/session keyring would
.\" be created.
Otherwise, the operation fails with the error
.BR ENOKEY .
.IP
If a valid key ID is specified in
.IR arg2 ,
and the key exists, then this operation simply returns the key ID.
If the key does not exist, the call fails with error
.BR ENOKEY .
.IP
The caller must have
.I search
permission on a keyring in order for it to be found.
.IP
The arguments
.I arg4
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_get_keyring_ID (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Replace the session keyring this process subscribes to with
a new session keyring.
.\" This may be useful in conjunction with some sort of
.\" session management framework that is employed by the application.
.IP
If
.I arg2
is NULL,
an anonymous keyring with the description "_ses" is created
and the process is subscribed to that keyring as its session keyring,
displacing the previous session keyring.
.IP
Otherwise,
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR "char\ *" )
is treated as the description (name) of a keyring,
and the behavior is as follows:
.RS
.IP \[bu] 3
If a keyring with a matching description exists,
the process will attempt to subscribe to that keyring
as its session keyring if possible;
if that is not possible, an error is returned.
In order to subscribe to the keyring,
the caller must have
.I search
permission on the keyring.
.IP \[bu]
If a keyring with a matching description does not exist,
then a new keyring with the specified description is created,
and the process is subscribed to that keyring as its session keyring.
.RE
.IP
The arguments
.IR arg3 ,
.IR arg4 ,
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_join_session_keyring (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_UPDATE " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Update a key's data payload.
.IP
The
.I arg2
argument (cast to
.IR key_serial_t )
specifies the ID of the key to be updated.
The
.I arg3
argument (cast to
.IR "void\ *" )
points to the new payload and
.I arg4
(cast to
.IR size_t )
contains the new payload size in bytes.
.IP
The caller must have
.I write
permission on the key specified and the key type must support updating.
.IP
A negatively instantiated key (see the description of
.BR KEYCTL_REJECT )
can be positively instantiated with this operation.
.IP
The
.I arg5
argument is ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_update (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_REVOKE " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Revoke the key with the ID provided in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
The key is scheduled for garbage collection;
it will no longer be findable,
and will be unavailable for further operations.
Further attempts to use the key will fail with the error
.BR EKEYREVOKED .
.IP
The caller must have
.I write
or
.I setattr
permission on the key.
.\" Keys with the KEY_FLAG_KEEP bit set cause an EPERM
.\" error for KEYCTL_REVOKE. Does this need to be documented?
.\" David Howells: No significance for user space.
.IP
The arguments
.IR arg3 ,
.IR arg4 ,
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_revoke (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_CHOWN " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Change the ownership (user and group ID) of a key.
.IP
The
.I arg2
argument (cast to
.IR key_serial_t )
contains the key ID.
The
.I arg3
argument (cast to
.IR uid_t )
contains the new user ID (or \-1 in case the user ID shouldn't be changed).
The
.I arg4
argument (cast to
.IR gid_t )
contains the new group ID (or \-1 in case the group ID shouldn't be changed).
.IP
The key must grant the caller
.I setattr
permission.
.IP
For the UID to be changed, or for the GID to be changed to a group
the caller is not a member of, the caller must have the
.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
capability (see
.BR capabilities (7)).
.IP
If the UID is to be changed, the new user must have sufficient
quota to accept the key.
The quota deduction will be removed from the old user
to the new user should the UID be changed.
.IP
The
.I arg5
argument is ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_chown (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_SETPERM " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Change the permissions of the key with the ID provided in the
.I arg2
argument (cast to
.IR key_serial_t )
to the permissions provided in the
.I arg3
argument (cast to
.IR key_perm_t ).
.IP
If the caller doesn't have the
.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
capability, it can change permissions only for the keys it owns.
(More precisely: the caller's filesystem UID must match the UID of the key.)
.IP
The key must grant
.I setattr
permission to the caller
.I regardless
of the caller's capabilities.
.\" FIXME Above, is it really intended that a privileged process can't
.\" override the lack of the 'setattr' permission?
.IP
The permissions in
.I arg3
specify masks of available operations
for each of the following user categories:
.RS
.TP
.IR possessor " (since Linux 2.6.14)"
.\" commit 664cceb0093b755739e56572b836a99104ee8a75
This is the permission granted to a process that possesses the key
(has it attached searchably to one of the process's keyrings);
see
.BR keyrings (7).
.TP
.I user
This is the permission granted to a process
whose filesystem UID matches the UID of the key.
.TP
.I group
This is the permission granted to a process
whose filesystem GID or any of its supplementary GIDs
matches the GID of the key.
.TP
.I other
This is the permission granted to other processes
that do not match the
.I user
and
.I group
categories.
.RE
.IP
The
.IR user ,
.IR group ,
and
.I other
categories are exclusive: if a process matches the
.I user
category, it will not receive permissions granted in the
.I group
category; if a process matches the
.I user
or
.I group
category, then it will not receive permissions granted in the
.I other
category.
.IP
The
.I possessor
category grants permissions that are cumulative with the grants from the
.IR user ,
.IR group ,
or
.I other
category.
.IP
Each permission mask is eight bits in size,
with only six bits currently used.
The available permissions are:
.RS
.TP
.I view
This permission allows reading attributes of a key.
.IP
This permission is required for the
.B KEYCTL_DESCRIBE
operation.
.IP
The permission bits for each category are
.BR KEY_POS_VIEW ,
.BR KEY_USR_VIEW ,
.BR KEY_GRP_VIEW ,
and
.BR KEY_OTH_VIEW .
.TP
.I read
This permission allows reading a key's payload.
.IP
This permission is required for the
.B KEYCTL_READ
operation.
.IP
The permission bits for each category are
.BR KEY_POS_READ ,
.BR KEY_USR_READ ,
.BR KEY_GRP_READ ,
and
.BR KEY_OTH_READ .
.TP
.I write
This permission allows update or instantiation of a key's payload.
For a keyring, it allows keys to be linked and unlinked from the keyring,
.IP
This permission is required for the
.BR KEYCTL_UPDATE ,
.BR KEYCTL_REVOKE ,
.BR KEYCTL_CLEAR ,
.BR KEYCTL_LINK ,
and
.B KEYCTL_UNLINK
operations.
.IP
The permission bits for each category are
.BR KEY_POS_WRITE ,
.BR KEY_USR_WRITE ,
.BR KEY_GRP_WRITE ,
and
.BR KEY_OTH_WRITE .
.TP
.I search
This permission allows keyrings to be searched and keys to be found.
Searches can recurse only into nested keyrings that have
.I search
permission set.
.IP
This permission is required for the
.BR KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID ,
.BR KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING ,
.BR KEYCTL_SEARCH ,
and
.B KEYCTL_INVALIDATE
operations.
.IP
The permission bits for each category are
.BR KEY_POS_SEARCH ,
.BR KEY_USR_SEARCH ,
.BR KEY_GRP_SEARCH ,
and
.BR KEY_OTH_SEARCH .
.TP
.I link
This permission allows a key or keyring to be linked to.
.IP
This permission is required for the
.B KEYCTL_LINK
and
.B KEYCTL_SESSION_TO_PARENT
operations.
.IP
The permission bits for each category are
.BR KEY_POS_LINK ,
.BR KEY_USR_LINK ,
.BR KEY_GRP_LINK ,
and
.BR KEY_OTH_LINK .
.TP
.IR setattr " (since Linux 2.6.15)."
This permission allows a key's UID, GID, and permissions mask to be changed.
.IP
This permission is required for the
.BR KEYCTL_REVOKE ,
.BR KEYCTL_CHOWN ,
and
.B KEYCTL_SETPERM
operations.
.IP
The permission bits for each category are
.BR KEY_POS_SETATTR ,
.BR KEY_USR_SETATTR ,
.BR KEY_GRP_SETATTR ,
and
.BR KEY_OTH_SETATTR .
.RE
.IP
As a convenience, the following macros are defined as masks for
all of the permission bits in each of the user categories:
.BR KEY_POS_ALL ,
.BR KEY_USR_ALL ,
.BR KEY_GRP_ALL ,
and
.BR KEY_OTH_ALL .
.IP
The
.I arg4
and
.I arg5
arguments are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_setperm (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_DESCRIBE " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Obtain a string describing the attributes of a specified key.
.IP
The ID of the key to be described is specified in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
The descriptive string is returned in the buffer pointed to by
.I arg3
(cast to
.IR char\~* );
.I arg4
(cast to
.IR size_t )
specifies the size of that buffer in bytes.
.IP
The key must grant the caller
.I view
permission.
.IP
The returned string is null-terminated and
contains the following information about the key:
.IP
.in +4n
.IR type ; uid ; gid ; perm ; description
.in
.IP
In the above,
.I type
and
.I description
are strings,
.I uid
and
.I gid
are decimal strings, and
.I perm
is a hexadecimal permissions mask.
The descriptive string is written with the following format:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
%s;%d;%d;%08x;%s
.EE
.in
.IP
.B Note: the intention is that the descriptive string should
.B be extensible in future kernel versions.
In particular, the
.I description
field will not contain semicolons;
.\" FIXME But, the kernel does not enforce the requirement
.\" that the key description contains no semicolons!
.\" So, user space has no guarantee here??
.\" Either something more needs to be said here,
.\" or a kernel fix is required.
it should be parsed by working backwards from the end of the string
to find the last semicolon.
This allows future semicolon-delimited fields to be inserted
in the descriptive string in the future.
.IP
Writing to the buffer is attempted only when
.I arg3
is non-NULL and the specified buffer size
is large enough to accept the descriptive string
(including the terminating null byte).
.\" Function commentary says it copies up to buflen bytes, but see the
.\" (buffer && buflen >= ret) condition in keyctl_describe_key() in
.\" security/keyctl.c
In order to determine whether the buffer size was too small,
check to see if the return value of the operation is greater than
.IR arg4 .
.IP
The
.I arg5
argument is ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_describe (3).
.TP
.B KEYCTL_CLEAR
Clear the contents of (i.e., unlink all keys from) a keyring.
.IP
The ID of the key
(which must be of keyring type)
.\" or the error ENOTDIR results
is provided in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
.\" According to Documentation/security/keys.txt:
.\"     This function can also be used to clear special kernel keyrings if they
.\"     are appropriately marked if the user has CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability.  The
.\"     DNS resolver cache keyring is an example of this.
.IP
The caller must have
.I write
permission on the keyring.
.IP
The arguments
.IR arg3 ,
.IR arg4 ,
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_clear (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_LINK " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Create a link from a keyring to a key.
.IP
The key to be linked is specified in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t );
the keyring is specified in
.I arg3
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
.IP
If a key with the same type and description is already linked in the keyring,
then that key is displaced from the keyring.
.IP
Before creating the link,
the kernel checks the nesting of the keyrings and returns appropriate errors
if the link would produce a cycle
or if the nesting of keyrings would be too deep
(The limit on the nesting of keyrings is determined by the kernel constant
.BR KEYRING_SEARCH_MAX_DEPTH ,
defined with the value 6, and is necessary to prevent overflows
on the kernel stack when recursively searching keyrings).
.IP
The caller must have
.I link
permission on the key being added and
.I write
permission on the keyring.
.IP
The arguments
.I arg4
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_link (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_UNLINK " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Unlink a key from a keyring.
.IP
The ID of the key to be unlinked is specified in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t );
the ID of the keyring from which it is to be unlinked is specified in
.I arg3
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
.IP
If the key is not currently linked into the keyring, an error results.
.IP
The caller must have
.I write
permission on the keyring from which the key is being removed.
.IP
If the last link to a key is removed,
then that key will be scheduled for destruction.
.IP
The arguments
.I arg4
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_unlink (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_SEARCH " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Search for a key in a keyring tree,
returning its ID and optionally linking it to a specified keyring.
.IP
The tree to be searched is specified by passing
the ID of the head keyring in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
The search is performed breadth-first and recursively.
.IP
The
.I arg3
and
.I arg4
arguments specify the key to be searched for:
.I arg3
(cast as
.IR char\~* )
contains the key type
(a null-terminated character string up to 32 bytes in size,
including the terminating null byte), and
.I arg4
(cast as
.IR char\~* )
contains the description of the key
(a null-terminated character string up to 4096 bytes in size,
including the terminating null byte).
.IP
The source keyring must grant
.I search
permission to the caller.
When performing the recursive search, only keyrings that grant the caller
.I search
permission will be searched.
Only keys with for which the caller has
.I search
permission can be found.
.IP
If the key is found, its ID is returned as the function result.
.IP
If the key is found and
.I arg5
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t )
is nonzero, then, subject to the same constraints and rules as
.BR KEYCTL_LINK ,
the key is linked into the keyring whose ID is specified in
.IR arg5 .
If the destination keyring specified in
.I arg5
already contains a link to a key that has the same type and description,
then that link will be displaced by a link to
the key found by this operation.
.IP
Instead of valid existing keyring IDs, the source
.RI ( arg2 )
and destination
.RI ( arg5 )
keyrings can be one of the special keyring IDs listed under
.BR KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID .
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_search (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_READ " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Read the payload data of a key.
.IP
The ID of the key whose payload is to be read is specified in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
This can be the ID of an existing key,
or any of the special key IDs listed for
.BR KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID .
.\" including KEY_SPEC_REQKEY_AUTH_KEY
.IP
The payload is placed in the buffer pointed by
.I arg3
(cast to
.IR "char\ *" );
the size of that buffer must be specified in
.I arg4
(cast to
.IR size_t ).
.IP
The returned data will be processed for presentation
according to the key type.
For example, a keyring will return an array of
.I key_serial_t
entries representing the IDs of all the keys that are linked to it.
The
.I user
key type will return its data as is.
If a key type does not implement this function,
the operation fails with the error
.BR EOPNOTSUPP .
.IP
If
.I arg3
is not NULL,
as much of the payload data as will fit is copied into the buffer.
On a successful return,
the return value is always the total size of the payload data.
To determine whether the buffer was of sufficient size,
check to see that the return value is less than or equal to
the value supplied in
.IR arg4 .
.IP
The key must either grant the caller
.I read
permission, or grant the caller
.I search
permission when searched for from the process keyrings
(i.e., the key is possessed).
.IP
The
.I arg5
argument is ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_read (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
(Positively) instantiate an uninstantiated key with a specified payload.
.IP
The ID of the key to be instantiated is provided in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
.IP
The key payload is specified in the buffer pointed to by
.I arg3
(cast to
.IR "void\ *");
the size of that buffer is specified in
.I arg4
(cast to
.IR size_t ).
.IP
The payload may be a NULL pointer and the buffer size may be 0
if this is supported by the key type (e.g., it is a keyring).
.IP
The operation may be fail if the payload data is in the wrong format
or is otherwise invalid.
.IP
If
.I arg5
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t )
is nonzero, then, subject to the same constraints and rules as
.BR KEYCTL_LINK ,
the instantiated key is linked into the keyring whose ID specified in
.IR arg5 .
.IP
The caller must have the appropriate authorization key,
and once the uninstantiated key has been instantiated,
the authorization key is revoked.
In other words, this operation is available only from a
.BR request\-key (8)-style
program.
See
.BR request_key (2)
for an explanation of uninstantiated keys and key instantiation.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_instantiate (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_NEGATE " (since Linux 2.6.10)"
Negatively instantiate an uninstantiated key.
.IP
This operation is equivalent to the call:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
keyctl(KEYCTL_REJECT, arg2, arg3, ENOKEY, arg4);
.EE
.in
.IP
The
.I arg5
argument is ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_negate (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_SET_REQKEY_KEYRING " (since Linux 2.6.13)"
Set the default keyring to which implicitly requested keys
will be linked for this thread, and return the previous setting.
Implicit key requests are those made by internal kernel components,
.\" I.e., calls to the kernel's internal request_key() interface,
.\" which is distinct from the request_key(2) system call (which
.\" ultimately employs the kernel-internal interface).
such as can occur when, for example, opening files
on an AFS or NFS filesystem.
Setting the default keyring also has an effect when requesting
a key from user space; see
.BR request_key (2)
for details.
.IP
The
.I arg2
argument (cast to
.IR int )
should contain one of the following values,
to specify the new default keyring:
.RS
.TP
.B KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_NO_CHANGE
Don't change the default keyring.
This can be used to discover the current default keyring
(without changing it).
.TP
.B KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_DEFAULT
This selects the default behaviour,
which is to use the thread-specific keyring if there is one,
otherwise the process-specific keyring if there is one,
otherwise the session keyring if there is one,
otherwise the UID-specific session keyring,
otherwise the user-specific keyring.
.TP
.B KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_THREAD_KEYRING
Use the thread-specific keyring
.RB ( thread\-keyring (7))
as the new default keyring.
.TP
.B KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_PROCESS_KEYRING
Use the process-specific keyring
.RB ( process\-keyring (7))
as the new default keyring.
.TP
.B KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_SESSION_KEYRING
Use the session-specific keyring
.RB ( session\-keyring (7))
as the new default keyring.
.TP
.B KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_USER_KEYRING
Use the UID-specific keyring
.RB ( user\-keyring (7))
as the new default keyring.
.TP
.B KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_USER_SESSION_KEYRING
Use the UID-specific session keyring
.RB ( user\-session\-keyring (7))
as the new default keyring.
.TP
.BR KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_REQUESTOR_KEYRING " (since Linux 2.6.29)"
.\" 8bbf4976b59fc9fc2861e79cab7beb3f6d647640
Use the requestor keyring.
.\" FIXME The preceding explanation needs to be expanded.
.\" Is the following correct:
.\"
.\"	The requestor keyring is the dest_keyring that
.\"	was supplied to a call to request_key(2)?
.\"
.\" David Howells said: to be checked
.RE
.IP
All other values are invalid.
.\" (including the still-unsupported KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_GROUP_KEYRING)
.IP
The arguments
.IR arg3 ,
.IR arg4 ,
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
The setting controlled by this operation is inherited by the child of
.BR fork (2)
and preserved across
.BR  execve (2).
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_set_reqkey_keyring (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_SET_TIMEOUT " (since Linux 2.6.16)"
Set a timeout on a key.
.IP
The ID of the key is specified in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
The timeout value, in seconds from the current time,
is specified in
.I arg3
(cast to
.IR "unsigned int" ).
The timeout is measured against the realtime clock.
.IP
Specifying the timeout value as 0 clears any existing timeout on the key.
.IP
The
.I /proc/keys
file displays the remaining time until each key will expire.
(This is the only method of discovering the timeout on a key.)
.IP
The caller must either have the
.I setattr
permission on the key
or hold an instantiation authorization token for the key (see
.BR request_key (2)).
.IP
The key and any links to the key will be
automatically garbage collected after the timeout expires.
Subsequent attempts to access the key will then fail with the error
.BR EKEYEXPIRED .
.IP
This operation cannot be used to set timeouts on revoked, expired,
or negatively instantiated keys.
.IP
The arguments
.I arg4
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_set_timeout (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_ASSUME_AUTHORITY " (since Linux 2.6.16)"
Assume (or divest) the authority for the calling thread
to instantiate a key.
.IP
The
.I arg2
argument (cast to
.IR key_serial_t )
specifies either a nonzero key ID to assume authority,
or the value 0 to divest authority.
.IP
If
.I arg2
is nonzero, then it specifies the ID of an uninstantiated key for which
authority is to be assumed.
That key can then be instantiated using one of
.BR KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE ,
.BR KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE_IOV ,
.BR KEYCTL_REJECT ,
or
.BR KEYCTL_NEGATE .
Once the key has been instantiated,
the thread is automatically divested of authority to instantiate the key.
.IP
Authority over a key can be assumed only if the calling thread has present
in its keyrings the authorization key that is
associated with the specified key.
(In other words, the
.B KEYCTL_ASSUME_AUTHORITY
operation is available only from a
.BR request\-key (8)-style
program; see
.BR request_key (2)
for an explanation of how this operation is used.)
The caller must have
.I search
permission on the authorization key.
.IP
If the specified key has a matching authorization key,
then the ID of that key is returned.
The authorization key can be read
.RB ( KEYCTL_READ )
to obtain the callout information passed to
.BR request_key (2).
.IP
If the ID given in
.I arg2
is 0, then the currently assumed authority is cleared (divested),
and the value 0 is returned.
.IP
The
.B KEYCTL_ASSUME_AUTHORITY
mechanism allows a program such as
.BR request\-key (8)
to assume the necessary authority to instantiate a new uninstantiated key
that was created as a consequence of a call to
.BR request_key (2).
For further information, see
.BR request_key (2)
and the kernel source file
.IR Documentation/security/keys\-request\-key.txt .
.IP
The arguments
.IR arg3 ,
.IR arg4 ,
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_assume_authority (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_GET_SECURITY " (since Linux 2.6.26)"
.\" commit 70a5bb72b55e82fbfbf1e22cae6975fac58a1e2d
Get the LSM (Linux Security Module) security label of the specified key.
.IP
The ID of the key whose security label is to be fetched is specified in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
The security label (terminated by a null byte)
will be placed in the buffer pointed to by
.I arg3
argument (cast to
.IR "char\ *" );
the size of the buffer must be provided in
.I arg4
(cast to
.IR size_t ).
.IP
If
.I arg3
is specified as NULL or the buffer size specified in
.I arg4
is too small, the full size of the security label string
(including the terminating null byte)
is returned as the function result,
and nothing is copied to the buffer.
.IP
The caller must have
.I view
permission on the specified key.
.IP
The returned security label string will be rendered in a form appropriate
to the LSM in force.
For example, with SELinux, it may look like:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
.EE
.in
.IP
If no LSM is currently in force,
then an empty string is placed in the buffer.
.IP
The
.I arg5
argument is ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the functions
.BR keyctl_get_security (3)
and
.BR keyctl_get_security_alloc (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_SESSION_TO_PARENT " (since Linux 2.6.32)"
.\" commit ee18d64c1f632043a02e6f5ba5e045bb26a5465f
Replace the session keyring to which the
.I parent
of the calling process
subscribes with the session keyring of the calling process.
.\" What is the use case for KEYCTL_SESSION_TO_PARENT?
.\" David Howells: the Process Authentication Groups people requested this,
.\" but then didn't use it; maybe there are no users.
.IP
The keyring will be replaced in the parent process at the point
where the parent next transitions from kernel space to user space.
.IP
The keyring must exist and must grant the caller
.I link
permission.
The parent process must be single-threaded and have
the same effective ownership as this process
and must not be set-user-ID or set-group-ID.
The UID of the parent process's existing session keyring (f it has one),
as well as the UID of the caller's session keyring
much match the caller's effective UID.
.IP
The fact that it is the parent process that is affected by this operation
allows a program such as the shell to start a child process that
uses this operation to change the shell's session keyring.
(This is what the
.BR keyctl (1)
.B new_session
command does.)
.IP
The arguments
.IR arg2 ,
.IR arg3 ,
.IR arg4 ,
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_session_to_parent (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_REJECT " (since Linux 2.6.39)"
.\" commit fdd1b94581782a2ddf9124414e5b7a5f48ce2f9c
Mark a key as negatively instantiated and set an expiration timer
on the key.
This operation provides a superset of the functionality of the earlier
.B KEYCTL_NEGATE
operation.
.IP
The ID of the key that is to be negatively instantiated is specified in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
The
.I arg3
(cast to
.IR "unsigned int" )
argument specifies the lifetime of the key, in seconds.
The
.I arg4
argument (cast to
.IR "unsigned int" )
specifies the error to be returned when a search hits this key;
typically, this is one of
.BR EKEYREJECTED ,
.BR EKEYREVOKED ,
or
.BR EKEYEXPIRED .
.IP
If
.I arg5
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t )
is nonzero, then, subject to the same constraints and rules as
.BR KEYCTL_LINK ,
the negatively instantiated key is linked into the keyring
whose ID is specified in
.IR arg5 .
.IP
The caller must have the appropriate authorization key.
In other words, this operation is available only from a
.BR request\-key (8)-style
program.
See
.BR request_key (2).
.IP
The caller must have the appropriate authorization key,
and once the uninstantiated key has been instantiated,
the authorization key is revoked.
In other words, this operation is available only from a
.BR request\-key (8)-style
program.
See
.BR request_key (2)
for an explanation of uninstantiated keys and key instantiation.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_reject (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE_IOV " (since Linux 2.6.39)"
.\" commit ee009e4a0d4555ed522a631bae9896399674f063
Instantiate an uninstantiated key with a payload specified
via a vector of buffers.
.IP
This operation is the same as
.BR KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE ,
but the payload data is specified as an array of
.I iovec
structures (see
.BR iovec (3type)).
.IP
The pointer to the payload vector is specified in
.I arg3
(cast as
.IR "const struct iovec\~*" ).
The number of items in the vector is specified in
.I arg4
(cast as
.IR "unsigned int" ).
.IP
The
.I arg2
(key ID)
and
.I arg5
(keyring ID)
are interpreted as for
.BR KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE .
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_instantiate_iov (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_INVALIDATE " (since Linux 3.5)"
.\" commit fd75815f727f157a05f4c96b5294a4617c0557da
Mark a key as invalid.
.IP
The ID of the key to be invalidated is specified in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
.IP
To invalidate a key,
the caller must have
.I search
permission on the key.
.\" CAP_SYS_ADMIN is permitted to invalidate certain special keys
.IP
This operation marks the key as invalid
and schedules immediate garbage collection.
The garbage collector removes the invalidated key from all keyrings and
deletes the key when its reference count reaches zero.
After this operation,
the key will be ignored by all searches,
even if it is not yet deleted.
.IP
Keys that are marked invalid become invisible to normal key operations
immediately, though they are still visible in
.I /proc/keys
(marked with an 'i' flag)
until they are actually removed.
.IP
The arguments
.IR arg3 ,
.IR arg4 ,
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_invalidate (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_GET_PERSISTENT " (since Linux 3.13)"
.\" commit f36f8c75ae2e7d4da34f4c908cebdb4aa42c977e
Get the persistent keyring
.RB ( persistent\-keyring (7))
for a specified user and link it to a specified keyring.
.IP
The user ID is specified in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR uid_t ).
If the value \-1 is specified, the caller's real user ID is used.
The ID of the destination keyring is specified in
.I arg3
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
.IP
The caller must have the
.B CAP_SETUID
capability in its user namespace in order to fetch the persistent keyring
for a user ID that does not match either the real or effective user ID
of the caller.
.IP
If the call is successful,
a link to the persistent keyring is added to the keyring
whose ID was specified in
.IR arg3 .
.IP
The caller must have
.I write
permission on the keyring.
.IP
The persistent keyring will be created by the kernel
if it does not yet exist.
.IP
Each time the
.B KEYCTL_GET_PERSISTENT
operation is performed, the persistent keyring will
have its expiration timeout reset to the value in:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
/proc/sys/kernel/keys/persistent_keyring_expiry
.EE
.in
.IP
Should the timeout be reached,
the persistent keyring will be removed and
everything it pins can then be garbage collected.
.IP
Persistent keyrings were added in Linux 3.13.
.IP
The arguments
.I arg4
and
.I arg5
are ignored.
.IP
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
via the function
.BR keyctl_get_persistent (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE " (since Linux 4.7)"
.\" commit ddbb41148724367394d0880c516bfaeed127b52e
Compute a Diffie-Hellman shared secret or public key,
optionally applying key derivation function (KDF) to the result.
.IP
The
.I arg2
argument is a pointer to a set of parameters containing
serial numbers for three
.I """user"""
keys used in the Diffie-Hellman calculation,
packaged in a structure of the following form:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
struct keyctl_dh_params {
    int32_t private; /* The local private key */
    int32_t prime; /* The prime, known to both parties */
    int32_t base;  /* The base integer: either a shared
                      generator or the remote public key */
};
.EE
.in
.IP
Each of the three keys specified in this structure must grant the caller
.I read
permission.
The payloads of these keys are used to calculate the Diffie-Hellman
result as:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
base \[ha] private mod prime
.EE
.in
.IP
If the base is the shared generator, the result is the local public key.
If the base is the remote public key, the result is the shared secret.
.IP
The
.I arg3
argument (cast to
.IR char\~* )
points to a buffer where the result of the calculation is placed.
The size of that buffer is specified in
.I arg4
(cast to
.IR size_t ).
.IP
The buffer must be large enough to accommodate the output data,
otherwise an error is returned.
If
.I arg4
is specified zero,
in which case the buffer is not used and
the operation returns the minimum required buffer size
(i.e., the length of the prime).
.IP
Diffie-Hellman computations can be performed in user space,
but require a multiple-precision integer (MPI) library.
Moving the implementation into the kernel gives access to
the kernel MPI implementation,
and allows access to secure or acceleration hardware.
.IP
Adding support for DH computation to the
.BR keyctl ()
system call was considered a good fit due to the DH algorithm's use
for deriving shared keys;
it also allows the type of the key to determine
which DH implementation (software or hardware) is appropriate.
.\" commit f1c316a3ab9d24df6022682422fe897492f2c0c8
.IP
If the
.I arg5
argument is
.BR NULL ,
then the DH result itself is returned.
Otherwise (since Linux 4.12), it is a pointer to a structure which specifies
parameters of the KDF operation to be applied:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
struct keyctl_kdf_params {
    char *hashname;     /* Hash algorithm name */
    char *otherinfo;    /* SP800\-56A OtherInfo */
    __u32 otherinfolen; /* Length of otherinfo data */
    __u32 __spare[8];   /* Reserved */
};
.EE
.in
.IP
The
.I hashname
field is a null-terminated string which specifies a hash name
(available in the kernel's crypto API; the list of the hashes available
is rather tricky to observe; please refer to the
.UR https://www.kernel.org\:/doc\:/html\:/latest\:/crypto\:/architecture.html
"Kernel Crypto API Architecture"
.UE
documentation for the information regarding how hash names are constructed and
your kernel's source and configuration regarding what ciphers
and templates with type
.B CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_SHASH
are available)
to be applied to DH result in KDF operation.
.IP
The
.I otherinfo
field is an
.I OtherInfo
data as described in SP800-56A section 5.8.1.2 and is algorithm-specific.
This data is concatenated with the result of DH operation and is provided as
an input to the KDF operation.
Its size is provided in the
.I otherinfolen
field and is limited by
.B KEYCTL_KDF_MAX_OI_LEN
constant that defined in
.I security/keys/internal.h
to a value of 64.
.IP
The
.B __spare
field is currently unused.
.\" commit 4f9dabfaf8df971f8a3b6aa324f8f817be38d538
It was ignored until Linux 4.13 (but still should be
user-addressable since it is copied to the kernel),
and should contain zeros since Linux 4.13.
.IP
The KDF implementation complies with SP800-56A as well
as with SP800-108 (the counter KDF).
.IP
.\" keyutils commit 742c9d7b94051d3b21f9f61a73ed6b5f3544cb82
.\" keyutils commit d68a981e5db41d059ac782071c35d1e8f3aaf61c
This operation is exposed by
.I libkeyutils
(from
.I libkeyutils
1.5.10 onwards) via the functions
.BR keyctl_dh_compute (3)
and
.BR keyctl_dh_compute_alloc (3).
.TP
.BR KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING " (since Linux 4.12)"
.\" commit 6563c91fd645556c7801748f15bc727c77fcd311
.\" commit 7228b66aaf723a623e578aa4db7d083bb39546c9
Apply a key-linking restriction to the keyring with the ID provided in
.I arg2
(cast to
.IR key_serial_t ).
The caller must have
.I setattr
permission on the key.
If
.I arg3
is NULL, any attempt to add a key to the keyring is blocked;
otherwise it contains a pointer to a string with a key type name and
.I arg4
contains a pointer to string that describes the type-specific restriction.
As of Linux 4.12, only the type "asymmetric" has restrictions defined:
.RS
.TP
.B builtin_trusted
Allows only keys that are signed by a key linked to the built-in keyring
(".builtin_trusted_keys").
.TP
.B builtin_and_secondary_trusted
Allows only keys that are signed by a key linked to the secondary keyring
(".secondary_trusted_keys") or, by extension, a key in a built-in keyring,
as the latter is linked to the former.
.TP
.BI key_or_keyring: key
.TQ
.BI key_or_keyring: key :chain
If
.I key
specifies the ID of a key of type "asymmetric",
then only keys that are signed by this key are allowed.
.IP
If
.I key
specifies the ID of a keyring,
then only keys that are signed by a key linked
to this keyring are allowed.
.IP
If ":chain" is specified, keys that are signed by a keys linked to the
destination keyring (that is, the keyring with the ID specified in the
.I arg2
argument) are also allowed.
.RE
.IP
Note that a restriction can be configured only once for the specified keyring;
once a restriction is set, it can't be overridden.
.IP
The argument
.I arg5
is ignored.
.\" FIXME Document KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING, added in Linux 4.12
.\"     commit 6563c91fd645556c7801748f15bc727c77fcd311
.\"     Author: Mat Martineau <mathew.j.martineau@linux.intel.com>
.\" See Documentation/security/keys.txt
.SH RETURN VALUE
For a successful call, the return value depends on the operation:
.TP
.B KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID
The ID of the requested keyring.
.TP
.B KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING
The ID of the joined session keyring.
.TP
.B KEYCTL_DESCRIBE
The size of the description (including the terminating null byte),
irrespective of the provided buffer size.
.TP
.B KEYCTL_SEARCH
The ID of the key that was found.
.TP
.B KEYCTL_READ
The amount of data that is available in the key,
irrespective of the provided buffer size.
.TP
.B KEYCTL_SET_REQKEY_KEYRING
The ID of the previous default keyring
to which implicitly requested keys were linked
(one of
.BR KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_USER_* ).
.TP
.B KEYCTL_ASSUME_AUTHORITY
Either 0, if the ID given was 0,
or the ID of the authorization key matching the specified key,
if a nonzero key ID was provided.
.TP
.B KEYCTL_GET_SECURITY
The size of the LSM security label string
(including the terminating null byte),
irrespective of the provided buffer size.
.TP
.B KEYCTL_GET_PERSISTENT
The ID of the persistent keyring.
.TP
.B KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
The number of bytes copied to the buffer, or, if
.I arg4
is 0, the required buffer size.
.TP
All other operations
Zero.
.PP
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
is set to indicate the error.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B EACCES
The requested operation wasn't permitted.
.TP
.B EAGAIN
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
and there was an error during crypto module initialization.
.TP
.B EDEADLK
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_LINK
and the requested link would result in a cycle.
.TP
.B EDEADLK
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING
and the requested keyring restriction would result in a cycle.
.TP
.B EDQUOT
The key quota for the caller's user would be exceeded by creating a key or
linking it to the keyring.
.TP
.B EEXIST
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING
and keyring provided in
.I arg2
argument already has a restriction set.
.TP
.B EFAULT
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
and one of the following has failed:
.RS
.IP \[bu] 3
copying of the
.IR "struct keyctl_dh_params" ,
provided in the
.I arg2
argument, from user space;
.IP \[bu]
copying of the
.IR "struct keyctl_kdf_params" ,
provided in the non-NULL
.I arg5
argument, from user space
(in case kernel supports performing KDF operation on DH operation result);
.IP \[bu]
copying of data pointed by the
.I hashname
field of the
.I "struct keyctl_kdf_params"
from user space;
.IP \[bu]
copying of data pointed by the
.I otherinfo
field of the
.I struct keyctl_kdf_params
from user space if the
.I otherinfolen
field was nonzero;
.IP \[bu]
copying of the result to user space.
.RE
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_SETPERM
and an invalid permission bit was specified in
.IR arg3 .
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_SEARCH
and the size of the description in
.I arg4
(including the terminating null byte) exceeded 4096 bytes.
.TP
.B EINVAL
size of the string (including the terminating null byte) specified in
.I arg3
(the key type)
or
.I arg4
(the key description)
exceeded the limit (32 bytes and 4096 bytes respectively).
.TP
.BR EINVAL " (before Linux 4.12)"
.I operation
was
.BR KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE ,
argument
.I arg5
was non-NULL.
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
And the digest size of the hashing algorithm supplied is zero.
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
and the buffer size provided is not enough to hold the result.
Provide 0 as a buffer size in order to obtain the minimum buffer size.
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
and the hash name provided in the
.I hashname
field of the
.I struct keyctl_kdf_params
pointed by
.I arg5
argument is too big (the limit is implementation-specific and varies between
kernel versions, but it is deemed big enough for all valid algorithm names).
.TP
.B EINVAL
.\" commit 4f9dabfaf8df971f8a3b6aa324f8f817be38d538
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
and the
.I __spare
field of the
.I struct keyctl_kdf_params
provided in the
.I arg5
argument contains nonzero values.
.TP
.B EKEYEXPIRED
An expired key was found or specified.
.TP
.B EKEYREJECTED
A rejected key was found or specified.
.TP
.B EKEYREVOKED
A revoked key was found or specified.
.TP
.B ELOOP
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_LINK
and the requested link would cause the maximum nesting depth
for keyrings to be exceeded.
.TP
.B EMSGSIZE
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
and the buffer length exceeds
.B KEYCTL_KDF_MAX_OUTPUT_LEN
(which is 1024 currently)
or the
.I otherinfolen
field of the
.I struct keyctl_kdf_parms
passed in
.I arg5
exceeds
.B KEYCTL_KDF_MAX_OI_LEN
(which is 64 currently).
.TP
.BR ENFILE " (before Linux 3.13)"
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_LINK
and the keyring is full.
(Before Linux 3.13,
.\" commit b2a4df200d570b2c33a57e1ebfa5896e4bc81b69
the available space for storing keyring links was limited to
a single page of memory; since Linux 3.13, there is no fixed limit.)
.TP
.B ENOENT
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_UNLINK
and the key to be unlinked isn't linked to the keyring.
.TP
.B ENOENT
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
and the hashing algorithm specified in the
.I hashname
field of the
.I struct keyctl_kdf_params
pointed by
.I arg5
argument hasn't been found.
.TP
.B ENOENT
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING
and the type provided in
.I arg3
argument doesn't support setting key linking restrictions.
.TP
.B ENOKEY
No matching key was found or an invalid key was specified.
.TP
.B ENOKEY
The value
.B KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID
was specified in
.IR operation ,
the key specified in
.I arg2
did not exist, and
.I arg3
was zero (meaning don't create the key if it didn't exist).
.TP
.B ENOMEM
One of kernel memory allocation routines failed during the execution of the
syscall.
.TP
.B ENOTDIR
A key of keyring type was expected but the ID of a key with
a different type was provided.
.TP
.B EOPNOTSUPP
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_READ
and the key type does not support reading
(e.g., the type is
.IR """login""" ).
.TP
.B EOPNOTSUPP
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_UPDATE
and the key type does not support updating.
.TP
.B EOPNOTSUPP
.I operation
was
.BR KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING ,
the type provided in
.I arg3
argument was "asymmetric",
and the key specified in the restriction specification provided in
.I arg4
has type other than "asymmetric" or "keyring".
.TP
.B EPERM
.I operation
was
.BR KEYCTL_GET_PERSISTENT ,
.I arg2
specified a UID other than the calling thread's real or effective UID,
and the caller did not have the
.B CAP_SETUID
capability.
.TP
.B EPERM
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_SESSION_TO_PARENT
and either:
all of the UIDs (GIDs) of the parent process do not match
the effective UID (GID) of the calling process;
the UID of the parent's existing session keyring or
the UID of the caller's session keyring did not match
the effective UID of the caller;
the parent process is not single-thread;
or the parent process is
.BR init (1)
or a kernel thread.
.TP
.B ETIMEDOUT
.I operation
was
.B KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
and the initialization of crypto modules has timed out.
.SH VERSIONS
This system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.10.
.SH STANDARDS
This system call is a nonstandard Linux extension.
.SH NOTES
A wrapper is provided in the
.I libkeyutils
library.
(The accompanying package provides the
.I <keyutils.h>
header file.)
However, rather than using this system call directly,
you probably want to use the various library functions
mentioned in the descriptions of individual operations above.
.SH EXAMPLES
The program below provide subset of the functionality of the
.BR request\-key (8)
program provided by the
.I keyutils
package.
For informational purposes,
the program records various information in a log file.
.PP
As described in
.BR request_key (2),
the
.BR request\-key (8)
program is invoked with command-line arguments that
describe a key that is to be instantiated.
The example program fetches and logs these arguments.
The program assumes authority to instantiate the requested key,
and then instantiates that key.
.PP
The following shell session demonstrates the use of this program.
In the session,
we compile the program and then use it to temporarily replace the standard
.BR request\-key (8)
program.
(Note that temporarily disabling the standard
.BR request\-key (8)
program may not be safe on some systems.)
While our example program is installed,
we use the example program shown in
.BR request_key (2)
to request a key.
.PP
.in +4n
.EX
$ \fBcc \-o key_instantiate key_instantiate.c \-lkeyutils\fP
$ \fBsudo mv /sbin/request\-key /sbin/request\-key.backup\fP
$ \fBsudo cp key_instantiate /sbin/request\-key\fP
$ \fB./t_request_key user mykey somepayloaddata\fP
Key ID is 20d035bf
$ \fBsudo mv /sbin/request\-key.backup /sbin/request\-key\fP
.EE
.in
.PP
Looking at the log file created by this program,
we can see the command-line arguments supplied to our example program:
.PP
.in +4n
.EX
$ \fBcat /tmp/key_instantiate.log\fP
Time: Mon Nov  7 13:06:47 2016

Command line arguments:
  argv[0]:            /sbin/request\-key
  operation:          create
  key_to_instantiate: 20d035bf
  UID:                1000
  GID:                1000
  thread_keyring:     0
  process_keyring:    0
  session_keyring:    256e6a6

Key description:      user;1000;1000;3f010000;mykey
Auth key payload:     somepayloaddata
Destination keyring:  256e6a6
Auth key description: .request_key_auth;1000;1000;0b010000;20d035bf
.EE
.in
.PP
The last few lines of the above output show that the example program
was able to fetch:
.IP \[bu] 3
the description of the key to be instantiated,
which included the name of the key
.RI ( mykey );
.IP \[bu]
the payload of the authorization key, which consisted of the data
.RI ( somepayloaddata )
passed to
.BR request_key (2);
.IP \[bu]
the destination keyring that was specified in the call to
.BR request_key (2);
and
.IP \[bu]
the description of the authorization key,
where we can see that the name of the authorization key matches
the ID of the key that is to be instantiated
.RI ( 20d035bf ).
.PP
The example program in
.BR request_key (2)
specified the destination keyring as
.BR KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING .
By examining the contents of
.IR /proc/keys ,
we can see that this was translated to the ID of the destination keyring
.RI ( 0256e6a6 )
shown in the log output above;
we can also see the newly created key with the name
.I mykey
and ID
.IR 20d035bf .
.PP
.in +4n
.EX
$ \fBcat /proc/keys | egrep \[aq]mykey|256e6a6\[aq]\fP
0256e6a6 I\-\-Q\-\-\-  194 perm 3f030000  1000  1000 keyring  _ses: 3
20d035bf I\-\-Q\-\-\-    1 perm 3f010000  1000  1000 user     mykey: 16
.EE
.in
.SS Program source
\&
.\" SRC BEGIN (key_instantiate.c)
.EX
/* key_instantiate.c */

#include <errno.h>
#include <keyutils.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>

#ifndef KEY_SPEC_REQUESTOR_KEYRING
#define KEY_SPEC_REQUESTOR_KEYRING      (\-8)
#endif

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int           akp_size;       /* Size of auth_key_payload */
    int           auth_key;
    char          dbuf[256];
    char          auth_key_payload[256];
    char          *operation;
    FILE          *fp;
    gid_t         gid;
    uid_t         uid;
    time_t        t;
    key_serial_t  key_to_instantiate, dest_keyring;
    key_serial_t  thread_keyring, process_keyring, session_keyring;

    if (argc != 8) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s op key uid gid thread_keyring "
                        "process_keyring session_keyring\en", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    fp = fopen("/tmp/key_instantiate.log", "w");
    if (fp == NULL)
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

    setbuf(fp, NULL);

    t = time(NULL);
    fprintf(fp, "Time: %s\en", ctime(&t));

    /*
     * The kernel passes a fixed set of arguments to the program
     * that it execs; fetch them.
     */
    operation = argv[1];
    key_to_instantiate = atoi(argv[2]);
    uid = atoi(argv[3]);
    gid = atoi(argv[4]);
    thread_keyring = atoi(argv[5]);
    process_keyring = atoi(argv[6]);
    session_keyring = atoi(argv[7]);

    fprintf(fp, "Command line arguments:\en");
    fprintf(fp, "  argv[0]:            %s\en", argv[0]);
    fprintf(fp, "  operation:          %s\en", operation);
    fprintf(fp, "  key_to_instantiate: %jx\en",
            (uintmax_t) key_to_instantiate);
    fprintf(fp, "  UID:                %jd\en", (intmax_t) uid);
    fprintf(fp, "  GID:                %jd\en", (intmax_t) gid);
    fprintf(fp, "  thread_keyring:     %jx\en",
            (uintmax_t) thread_keyring);
    fprintf(fp, "  process_keyring:    %jx\en",
            (uintmax_t) process_keyring);
    fprintf(fp, "  session_keyring:    %jx\en",
            (uintmax_t) session_keyring);
    fprintf(fp, "\en");

    /*
     * Assume the authority to instantiate the key named in argv[2].
     */
    if (keyctl(KEYCTL_ASSUME_AUTHORITY, key_to_instantiate) == \-1) {
        fprintf(fp, "KEYCTL_ASSUME_AUTHORITY failed: %s\en",
                strerror(errno));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    /*
     * Fetch the description of the key that is to be instantiated.
     */
    if (keyctl(KEYCTL_DESCRIBE, key_to_instantiate,
               dbuf, sizeof(dbuf)) == \-1) {
        fprintf(fp, "KEYCTL_DESCRIBE failed: %s\en", strerror(errno));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    fprintf(fp, "Key description:      %s\en", dbuf);

    /*
     * Fetch the payload of the authorization key, which is
     * actually the callout data given to request_key().
     */
    akp_size = keyctl(KEYCTL_READ, KEY_SPEC_REQKEY_AUTH_KEY,
                      auth_key_payload, sizeof(auth_key_payload));
    if (akp_size == \-1) {
        fprintf(fp, "KEYCTL_READ failed: %s\en", strerror(errno));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    auth_key_payload[akp_size] = \[aq]\e0\[aq];
    fprintf(fp, "Auth key payload:     %s\en", auth_key_payload);

    /*
     * For interest, get the ID of the authorization key and
     * display it.
     */
    auth_key = keyctl(KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID,
                      KEY_SPEC_REQKEY_AUTH_KEY);
    if (auth_key == \-1) {
        fprintf(fp, "KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID failed: %s\en",
                strerror(errno));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    fprintf(fp, "Auth key ID:          %jx\en", (uintmax_t) auth_key);

    /*
     * Fetch key ID for the request_key(2) destination keyring.
     */
    dest_keyring = keyctl(KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID,
                          KEY_SPEC_REQUESTOR_KEYRING);
    if (dest_keyring == \-1) {
        fprintf(fp, "KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID failed: %s\en",
                strerror(errno));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    fprintf(fp, "Destination keyring:  %jx\en", (uintmax_t) dest_keyring);

    /*
     * Fetch the description of the authorization key. This
     * allows us to see the key type, UID, GID, permissions,
     * and description (name) of the key. Among other things,
     * we will see that the name of the key is a hexadecimal
     * string representing the ID of the key to be instantiated.
     */
    if (keyctl(KEYCTL_DESCRIBE, KEY_SPEC_REQKEY_AUTH_KEY,
               dbuf, sizeof(dbuf)) == \-1)
    {
        fprintf(fp, "KEYCTL_DESCRIBE failed: %s\en", strerror(errno));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    fprintf(fp, "Auth key description: %s\en", dbuf);

    /*
     * Instantiate the key using the callout data that was supplied
     * in the payload of the authorization key.
     */
    if (keyctl(KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE, key_to_instantiate,
               auth_key_payload, akp_size + 1, dest_keyring) == \-1)
    {
        fprintf(fp, "KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE failed: %s\en",
                strerror(errno));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.EE
.\" SRC END
.SH SEE ALSO
.ad l
.nh
.BR keyctl (1),
.BR add_key (2),
.BR request_key (2),
.\"     .BR find_key_by_type_and_name (3)
.\"     There is a man page, but this function seems not to exist
.BR keyctl (3),
.BR keyctl_assume_authority (3),
.BR keyctl_chown (3),
.BR keyctl_clear (3),
.BR keyctl_describe (3),
.BR keyctl_describe_alloc (3),
.BR keyctl_dh_compute (3),
.BR keyctl_dh_compute_alloc (3),
.BR keyctl_get_keyring_ID (3),
.BR keyctl_get_persistent (3),
.BR keyctl_get_security (3),
.BR keyctl_get_security_alloc (3),
.BR keyctl_instantiate (3),
.BR keyctl_instantiate_iov (3),
.BR keyctl_invalidate (3),
.BR keyctl_join_session_keyring (3),
.BR keyctl_link (3),
.BR keyctl_negate (3),
.BR keyctl_read (3),
.BR keyctl_read_alloc (3),
.BR keyctl_reject (3),
.BR keyctl_revoke (3),
.BR keyctl_search (3),
.BR keyctl_session_to_parent (3),
.BR keyctl_set_reqkey_keyring (3),
.BR keyctl_set_timeout (3),
.BR keyctl_setperm (3),
.BR keyctl_unlink (3),
.BR keyctl_update (3),
.BR recursive_key_scan (3),
.BR recursive_session_key_scan (3),
.BR capabilities (7),
.BR credentials (7),
.BR keyrings (7),
.BR keyutils (7),
.BR persistent\-keyring (7),
.BR process\-keyring (7),
.BR session\-keyring (7),
.BR thread\-keyring (7),
.BR user\-keyring (7),
.BR user_namespaces (7),
.BR user\-session\-keyring (7),
.BR request\-key (8)
.PP
The kernel source files under
.I Documentation/security/keys/
(or, before Linux 4.13, in the file
.IR Documentation/security/keys.txt ).
